Source code for langchain_community.vectorstores.duckdb

# mypy: disable-error-code=func-returns-value
from __future__ import annotations

import json
import logging
import uuid
import warnings
from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional, Type

from langchain_core.documents import Document
from langchain_core.embeddings import Embeddings
from langchain_core.vectorstores import VST, VectorStore

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

DEFAULT_VECTOR_KEY = "embedding"
DEFAULT_ID_KEY = "id"
DEFAULT_TEXT_KEY = "text"
DEFAULT_TABLE_NAME = "embeddings"
SIMILARITY_ALIAS = "similarity_score"


[docs] class DuckDB(VectorStore): """`DuckDB` vector store. This class provides a vector store interface for adding texts and performing similarity searches using DuckDB. For more information about DuckDB, see: https://duckdb.org/ This integration requires the `duckdb` Python package. You can install it with `pip install duckdb`. *Security Notice*: The default DuckDB configuration is not secure. By **default**, DuckDB can interact with files across the entire file system, which includes abilities to read, write, and list files and directories. It can also access some python variables present in the global namespace. When using this DuckDB vectorstore, we suggest that you initialize the DuckDB connection with a secure configuration. For example, you can set `enable_external_access` to `false` in the connection configuration to disable external access to the DuckDB connection. You can view the DuckDB configuration options here: https://duckdb.org/docs/configuration/overview.html Please review other relevant security considerations in the DuckDB documentation. (e.g., "autoinstall_known_extensions": "false", "autoload_known_extensions": "false") See https://python.langchain.com/docs/security for more information. Args: connection: Optional DuckDB connection embedding: The embedding function or model to use for generating embeddings. vector_key: The column name for storing vectors. Defaults to `embedding`. id_key: The column name for storing unique identifiers. Defaults to `id`. text_key: The column name for storing text. Defaults to `text`. table_name: The name of the table to use for storing embeddings. Defaults to `embeddings`. Example: .. code-block:: python import duckdb conn = duckdb.connect(database=':memory:', config={ # Sample configuration to restrict some DuckDB capabilities # List is not exhaustive. Please review DuckDB documentation. "enable_external_access": "false", "autoinstall_known_extensions": "false", "autoload_known_extensions": "false" } ) embedding_function = ... # Define or import your embedding function here vector_store = DuckDB(conn, embedding_function) vector_store.add_texts(['text1', 'text2']) result = vector_store.similarity_search('text1') """
[docs] def __init__( self, *, connection: Optional[Any] = None, embedding: Embeddings, vector_key: str = DEFAULT_VECTOR_KEY, id_key: str = DEFAULT_ID_KEY, text_key: str = DEFAULT_TEXT_KEY, table_name: str = DEFAULT_TABLE_NAME, ): """Initialize with DuckDB connection and setup for vector storage.""" try: import duckdb except ImportError: raise ImportError( "Could not import duckdb package. " "Please install it with `pip install duckdb`." ) self.duckdb = duckdb self._embedding = embedding self._vector_key = vector_key self._id_key = id_key self._text_key = text_key self._table_name = table_name if self._embedding is None: raise ValueError("An embedding function or model must be provided.") if connection is None: warnings.warn( "No DuckDB connection provided. A new connection will be created." "This connection is running in memory and no data will be persisted." "To persist data, specify `connection=duckdb.connect(...)` when using " "the API. Please review the documentation of the vectorstore for " "security recommendations on configuring the connection." ) self._connection = connection or self.duckdb.connect( database=":memory:", config={"enable_external_access": "false"} ) self._ensure_table() self._table = self._connection.table(self._table_name)
@property def embeddings(self) -> Optional[Embeddings]: """Returns the embedding object used by the vector store.""" return self._embedding
[docs] def add_texts( self, texts: Iterable[str], metadatas: Optional[List[dict]] = None, **kwargs: Any, ) -> List[str]: """Turn texts into embedding and add it to the database using Pandas DataFrame Args: texts: Iterable of strings to add to the vectorstore. metadatas: Optional list of metadatas associated with the texts. kwargs: Additional parameters including optional 'ids' to associate with the texts. Returns: List of ids of the added texts. """ have_pandas = False try: import pandas as pd have_pandas = True except ImportError: logger.info( "Unable to import pandas. " "Install it with `pip install -U pandas` " "to improve performance of add_texts()." ) # Extract ids from kwargs or generate new ones if not provided ids = kwargs.pop("ids", [str(uuid.uuid4()) for _ in texts]) # Embed texts and create documents ids = ids or [str(uuid.uuid4()) for _ in texts] embeddings = self._embedding.embed_documents(list(texts)) data = [] for idx, text in enumerate(texts): embedding = embeddings[idx] # Serialize metadata if present, else default to None metadata = ( json.dumps(metadatas[idx]) if metadatas and idx < len(metadatas) else None ) if have_pandas: data.append( { self._id_key: ids[idx], self._text_key: text, self._vector_key: embedding, "metadata": metadata, } ) else: self._connection.execute( f"INSERT INTO {self._table_name} VALUES (?,?,?,?)", [ids[idx], text, embedding, metadata], ) if have_pandas: # noinspection PyUnusedLocal df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data) # noqa: F841 self._connection.register("df", df) self._connection.execute( f"INSERT INTO {self._table_name} SELECT * FROM df", ) return ids
[docs] @classmethod def from_texts( cls: Type[VST], texts: List[str], embedding: Embeddings, metadatas: Optional[List[dict]] = None, **kwargs: Any, ) -> DuckDB: """Creates an instance of DuckDB and populates it with texts and their embeddings. Args: texts: List of strings to add to the vector store. embedding: The embedding function or model to use for generating embeddings. metadatas: Optional list of metadata dictionaries associated with the texts. kwargs: Additional keyword arguments including: - connection: DuckDB connection. If not provided, a new connection will be created. - vector_key: The column name for storing vectors. Default "vector". - id_key: The column name for storing unique identifiers. Default "id". - text_key: The column name for storing text. Defaults to "text". - table_name: The name of the table to use for storing embeddings. Defaults to "embeddings". Returns: An instance of DuckDB with the provided texts and their embeddings added. """ # Extract kwargs for DuckDB instance creation connection = kwargs.get("connection", None) vector_key = kwargs.get("vector_key", DEFAULT_VECTOR_KEY) id_key = kwargs.get("id_key", DEFAULT_ID_KEY) text_key = kwargs.get("text_key", DEFAULT_TEXT_KEY) table_name = kwargs.get("table_name", DEFAULT_TABLE_NAME) # Create an instance of DuckDB instance = DuckDB( connection=connection, embedding=embedding, vector_key=vector_key, id_key=id_key, text_key=text_key, table_name=table_name, ) # Add texts and their embeddings to the DuckDB vector store instance.add_texts(texts, metadatas=metadatas, **kwargs) return instance
def _ensure_table(self) -> None: """Ensures the table for storing embeddings exists.""" create_table_sql = f""" CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {self._table_name} ( {self._id_key} VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY, {self._text_key} VARCHAR, {self._vector_key} FLOAT[], metadata VARCHAR ) """ self._connection.execute(create_table_sql)